These patterns are prevalent in Latin America due to the amount of drug and cartel violence. Moreover, it reiterates ideas of machismo and consequent female submissiveness. Furthermore, as cartels expand they begin to delve into practices beyond drugs, including sexual exploitation and trafficking. Violence against the female body is used as a tool to assert control and dominance. Lastly, gender-based violence is more common in areas that are more prone to cartel and gang violence. However, they often incorporate an aggressive and exaggerated assertion of masculinity that can translate into a propensity for gender-based discrimination and gender-based violence. These concepts refer to the notion that men are stronger than women and must assert control in order to protect them. On the other hand, toxic masculinity, or machismo, is very prevalent in Latin America. Researchers have concluded that the level of impunity in a country is an accurate predictor of higher rates of femicide. They argue that the legal system is built so that women face barriers or are improperly protected from violence. They cite impunity for men within legal institutions as a mechanism that impedes women from achieving justice. This may perpetuate dynamics where women are more likely to remain in relationships where they are experiencing abuse or violence.įurthermore, many feminists point to institutional violence as a factor that proliferates more gender-based violence and femicide. In Latin America, women are often more socially and economically disadvantaged compared to women in North America and Western Europe. Ī factor that influences the prevalence of gender-based violence in Latin America is gender inequality. This pattern creates more barriers to institutionalizing practices that may protect women from gender-based violence. Nevertheless, this statistic may be higher and more nuanced because collecting accurate data is difficult. For a case to be classified as femicide, victims are killed because of their gender. Furthermore, defining victims of feminicide is slightly distinct from female victims of homicide. For example, they can range from murder in a civil war environment to being slapped in an otherwise peaceful home. The actual conditions and methods to exert violence can vary greatly. Gender-based violence can be described as diverse tactics to keep women in a subordinate position in society. The primary age group that is a victim of this sort of violence are young women aged 15–29. Additionally, 14 out of the 25 countries with the highest rates of gender-based violence can be found in Latin America. Latin America has incredibly high rates of femicide, or feminicide at least 12 women suffer from gender-based violence daily. Chávez herself was assassinated in 2011, moment in which the phrase became a "symbol of struggle". The collective takes its name from a 1995 phrase by Mexican poet and activist Susana Chávez, " Ni una muerta más" (Spanish for "Not one more dead"), in protest to the female homicides in Ciudad Juárez. ![]() ![]() The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights. Social media was an essential factor in the propagation of the Ni Una Menos movement to other countries and regions. In its official website, Ni una menos defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence." The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces". ![]() This mass mobilization comes as a response to various systemic issues that proliferate violence against women. Ni una menos ( Spanish: Spanish for "Not one less") is a Latin American fourth-wave grassroots feminist movement, which started in Argentina and has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence.
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